This post was not originally aimed as a “technical” post about a raga like the ones I used to blog about, but I guess it sort of turned out that way. However, I must confess that this is used as a pretext to “peddle” the results of my attempts at experimentation with Carnatic Music scales/ragas in a western context.
maṇiraṅgu (maNirangu) is a beautiful, little raga which is one of my favorites. It perhaps has an unenviable position of being “in the middle” of two heavy-weight ragas – madhyamāvati (madyamAvati) and śrīrāga (SrIrAga), and differs from them in a rather subtle way in terms of ārōhaṇa/avarōhaṇa.
madhyamāvati has an ārōhaṇa/avarōhaṇa that is S R2 M1 P N2 S | S N2 P M1 R2 S. This actually does not tell the whole story because the swaras in madhyamāvati carry a lot of gamakās with them, but that is a different story.
The nominal ārōhaṇa/avarōhaṇa of śrīrāga is S R2 M1 P N2 S | S N2 P D2 N2 P M1 R2 G2 R2 S. You can see that it has the same ārōhaṇa structure as madhyamāvati but has a more meandering avarōhaṇa. However, in the avarōhaṇa, the part “P D2 N2 P M1” (i.e. pdnpm) is a special but rare phrase, which is to be used quite sparingly like once of twice in a song (the popular endarō mahanubhāvulu actually eschews it completely). Hence, for most purposes, the melody of śrīrāga usually follows: S R2 M1 P N2 S | S N2 P M1 R2 G2 R2 S, which brings it closer to madhyamāvati (from a structural perspective) but still with a vital difference in avarōhaṇa. Again in actual usage, gamakās vary between it and madhyamāvati (e.g. the ri in śrīrāga, and for that matter maṇiraṅgu is flat, never shaken, while it is not so in madhyamāvati).
Now maṇiraṅgu, again has the same ārōhaṇa as the other two i.e. S R2 M1 P N2 S. The avarōhaṇa is yet another variation of the same base swaras, and is the more straight forward S N2 P M1 G2 R2 S (again from a structural perspective only – not all swaras are to be rendered flat!) Thus G2, the ga, is completely absent in madhyamāvati, occurs in a vakra i.e twisted pattern in the avarōhaṇa of śrīrāga, and in a normal descent pattern in the avarōhaṇa of maṇiraṅgu.
So you have three ragas with pretty much same ascending structure, and slight differences in the descent. In particular, when descending from ma to sa, you can have only m r s in madhyamāvati, you could have m r s or m r g r s in śrīrāga, but m g r s can come only in maṇiraṅgu, and it must be so in maṇiraṅgu! Here is an example that illustrates this (can you guess which portion is which raga?):
Correction: I had originally noted that m r s can come in śrīrāga but as far as I can know, there is only one instance in the varnam where it comes (in one of the swara sections as n , s r p m r s, and so I would qualify it as too rare to include and confuse the issue here.
Anyway, coming back to the topic of discussion, maṇiraṅgu, in spite of this seemingly slightest of differences with two other rāgās of more repute in the Carnatic wold, I find that maṇiraṅgu can hold its own ground quite admirably when it comes to pure charm. May be it is me, but I have always loved this raga – perhaps even more than the other two – maybe I think it is an underdog, a David among Goliaths, and who doesn’t like to root for an underdog?
I guess it is due to my attraction to it that I always wanted to experiment with it in the “Carnatic In A Western World” project that I indulge myself with time to time. I had some hesitation because I had already done a tune in śrīrāga a while ago, and hence doubted seriously if I can come up with something that does not resemble that other tune. However, a few months ago, as I was playing with a guitar and humming maṇiraṅgu , and in particular the song jaya jaya padmanābhānujēśa by svāti tirunāḷ, the main melody line that you will hear in the first part of the song below came to me. It sounded so lilting and up-beat that I always felt I had to expand the idea. But then it only took months to get back to it and finish it 🙂 !
(Note: That melody line in the first part is pretty much a western approximation/inspirarion of the pallavi and anupallavi of jaya jaya padmanābhānujēśa. So yes, it is a “lift” of sorts 😉 ).
The song also has a slower section with a guitar lead that is closer to actual maṇiraṅgu, and here, my inspiration is from the kalpanaswara section of a D.K. Pattammal rendition of ikō namma svāmi by purandaradāsa. There is a particular gamaka with p m g r ... that the violinist uses , which I use in the song, since to me that alone is quintessential maṇiraṅgu! The phrase is loaded with anuswaras which is one of the million examples as to how Carnatic (or Hindustani) swaras differ from western notes as they appear in the Western world.
Anyway here it is, and I hope you like it. Headphones would work better as there are some stereophonic effects which will be enhanced by that:
(Note: In case it was not clear, this is not a Carnatic song. It is a fusion piece – I hope you can get more than a whiff of maṇiraṅgu from it!)
Now, perhaps to clear our heads, let us get back to the Carnatic world. Here is the kalpanaswara section of ikō namma svāmi by D.K. Pattammal that was an inspiration for the above song. That p m g r occurs in many places, but the one by the violinist at time index 2:50-2:52 is clearest to me.
(Note: Sorry. I do not know the name of the supporting vocalist, and other accompanying artists).
October 9, 2013 at 11:41 pm
Arun,
As I was searching for some Kannadagaula compositions & renditions, I ran into your site.. Thanks for hosting the same.
Under Item # 8, Guru NRK’s Kannadagaula alapana has been just superb..
Wish I could listen to the whole Krithi/Composition..
If you have the link, or file, please contact me at your convenience.
Thanks & regards,
Krishnan Kartha
Bangalore
email: k_kartha@yahoo.com
October 16, 2013 at 11:16 pm
Pl. add one amr file download . For benefit of those who have problems with laptop speakers.
October 16, 2013 at 11:18 pm
Pl. add one piece about bhinna shadjam as a mUrchhanA kAraka rAga in a separate blog post and add a link to that here. this is a humble sugge.
December 12, 2013 at 4:37 pm
Arun,
Nice article! I love this raaga is well. I have a question. I was recently listening to MSS’s rendering of mamava pattabhirama on youtube and I thought I spotted a couple of places where the phrase RG (madya stayi IIRC) appears. This to me seemed like straying into Sri Raaga territory. I wanted to get a second opinion, if you do find the time. Also, if I am not mistaken, MSS sings it in madyama sruti, would you agree? If so, is that customary? Does the raaga stray less into tara stayi as compared to the Goliaths?
December 12, 2013 at 4:50 pm
As a quick follow-up to the previous comment, my intent isn’t to question the rendering, but to understand when RG is allowed and how common is it (if it is indeed present in that rendering. Not a musician, so this is purely kelvi (a)jnamam!)
December 13, 2013 at 8:07 am
Someone more knowledgeable may correct me, but I think perhaps r-g itself should not be seen as taboo, as r-g-r-s is technically allowed in manirangu and I think it will figure – I do think r-g-r-s is way more common in Sri, and thus its usage in manirangu has to do done sparingly I think. But the key differentiator is m-r combination as in m-r-g-r-s is what is uniquely Sri (so r-g-r-s … m-r-g-r-s….. p-m-r-g-r-s…. ), but in manirangu you have m-g-r-s (thus a r-g-r-s m-g-r-s p-m-g-r-s could be conjured but the pattern-similarity is somewhat lost there and thus I feel r-g-r-s in manirangu is perhaps a delicate thing if at all it is to be used!)